Lateral view of the vertebral column with hip bone and portion of skull, superimposed onto human profile.

Lateral view of the lumbar vertebrae.

Lordosis is the anteriorly convex curvature of the vertebral column.

Posterior view of the posterior longitudinal ligament; pedicles have been sawn through.

Bony landmarks of the back and vertebral column.

Vertebral column in anterior and lateral view.

Lateral view of vertebral column showing compression fracture of a vertebra (arrows only).

Lateral radiograph of the flexed cervical spine.

Lateral radiograph of the extended cervical spine.

Lateral view of vertebral column showing injury caused by hyperflexion.

Part of vertebral column: intervertebral disc; intervertebral foramen with spinal nerve; portion of rib

Lateral view of vertebral column curvature in an adult, showing cervical (red), thoracic (brown), and lumbar (yellow) vertebrae, and the sacrum and coccyx (orange).

Vertebral column with skull