Simplified diagram of abdominal nerve plexuses and ganglia. Image shows aorta between kidneys with tangle of nerve fibers "piggybacking" on the anterior walls of branches of aorta.

Anterior view of spleen, pancreas, duodenum and kidneys. Located between L1 and L4, these organs are revealed by the removal of stomach, liver, transverse colon, peritoneum, and fat.

Anterior view of kidney region: right suprarenal gland, kidney, ureter, and colon are reflected; inferior vena cava pulled medially to reveal splanchnic nerves, celiac ganglion and sympathetic trunk.

Anterior view of a horseshoe kidney. The right and left kidneys are fused in the midline.

Anterior view of the omental bursa and its posterior relationships. The greater omentum and gastrosplenic ligament have been cut along the greater curvature of the stomach and the stomach has been reflected superiorly.

Anterior view of azygos system of veins, a portion of the superior vena cava has been removed to reveal underlying branches of venous system anterior to vertebral column.

Schematic illustration of the duodenum and pancreas in situ with the liver, stomach, colon and small intestines removed. The posterior abdominal area and corresponding "bare areas" are illustrated.

Transverse or horizontal (axial) MRI of the abdomen at the level of L1. Image at bottom illustrates level of scan (line C).

Transverse or horizontal (axial) MRI of the abdomen at the level of T12. Image at bottom illustrates level of scan (line B).

Anterior view of large intestine, isolated and spread to show color coded groups of lymph nodes. Arrows indicate direction of drainage.

Transverse or horizontal (axial) MRI of the abdomen at the level of the lower L2. Image at bottom illustrates level of scan (line E).

Anterior view of the stomach bed. The stomach is excised, the peritoneum of the omental bursa covering the stomach bed is largely removed, as is the peritoneum of the greater sac covering the inferior part of the kidney and pancreas.

Arteries & veins of kidneys & suprarenal glands