Lateral view of the vertebral column with hip bone and portion of skull, superimposed onto human profile.

Superior view of thoracic cage with thoracic and vertebral changes as noted in right thoracic scoliosis; spinous processes of vertebrae rotate toword midline; as rib attaches to vertebral body it is also rotated; rib is pushed posteriorly on convex side

Superior view of the homologous parts of vertebrae, illustrating the centrum (uncolored), vertebral arch (pink), and the rib elements (yellow).

Lateral view of the 6th and 7th and 8th and 9th thoracic vertebrae demonstrating how the costotransverse joints rotate in the 6th and 7th vertebrae while they glide in the 8th and 9th.

Lateral and superior views of the fused sacral vertebrae.

Superior view of the cervical vertebrae, showing (on the left) the atlas (top), axis (middle), C3 (bottom); (on the right) C4 (top), C5 (2nd), C6 (3rd), C7 (4th).

Typical thoracic vertebra in lateral and superior view.