Posterior view of upper thorax and neck region showing the splenius capitis muscle and its bony attachments on both sides of the thoracic and cervical vertebrae.

Posterior view of upper thorax and neck region showing the splenius cervicis muscle and its bony attachments on the left side of the thoracic and cervical vertebrae.

Lateral (top) and inferior (middle and bottom) views of centers of ossification of a vertebra, showing secondary centers of ossification (O) at the tips of the spinous and transverse processes (epiphyseal plate has been removed).

Posterior view of upper thorax and neck region showing the splenius cervicis muscle and its bony attachments on both sides of the thoracic and cervical vertebrae.

Posterior view of upper thorax and neck region showing the splenius capitis (right) and splenius cervicis (left) muscles and their bony attachments on both sides of the thoracic and cervical vertebrae.

Superior view of a cervical vertebrae with an enlarged costal element (top). Bottom image shows a normal situation.

Lateral radiograph of the cervical vertebrae, showing the atlas.