Typical thoracic vertebra in lateral and superior view.

Lateral view of the articulated cervical vertebrae.

Lateral view of the thoracic vertebrae, showing the mamillary, accessory, and lateral processes of T12.

Lateral view of the 6th and 7th thoracic vertebrae and 7th rib illustrating the costovertebral articulations.

Lateral view of curvature of the fetal vertebral column, showing cervical (red), thoracic (brown), and lumbar (yellow) vertebrae, and the sacrum and coccyx (orange).

Posterior view of the sacrum and coccyx.

Lateral view of upper thorax and neck region showing the splenius cervicis muscle and its bony attachments.

Superior view of the homologous parts of vertebrae, illustrating the centrum (uncolored), vertebral arch (pink), and the rib elements (yellow).

Anterior view of transitional lumbosacral vertebra, with the 1st sacral vertebra partly free (lumbarized) and the 5th lumbar vertebral partly fused to sacrum (sacralized).

Lateral view of the abdominal region illustrating the transversus abdominis muscle and its bony attachments. Both sides of muscle are shown.

Lateral view of the 6th and 7th and 8th and 9th thoracic vertebrae demonstrating how the costotransverse joints rotate in the 6th and 7th vertebrae while they glide in the 8th and 9th.

Lateral view of the abdominal region illustrating the internal abdominal oblique muscle and its bony attachments.

Lateral view of the fused sacral vertebrae.